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| Halaman ini menyajikan panduan teknis mengenai perancangan dan implementasi sistem pemantauan kondisi lingkungan (suhu dan kelembapan) menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP8266 dan sensor DHT22. Sistem ini dirancang untuk memberikan data secara ''real-time'' yang ditampilkan melalui layar LCD.
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| == Daftar Komponen / Spesifikasi Hardware ==
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| Komponen-komponen berikut dipilih berdasarkan kriteria fungsionalitas dan kompatibilitas sistem:
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|
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| * '''[[Daftar Komponen#ESP32|ESP8266]]:''' Mikrokontroler dengan modul Wi-Fi.
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| * '''Sensor [[Daftar Komponen#DHT22|DHT22]]:''' Sensor digital untuk mengukur suhu dan kelembapan udara.
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| * '''LCD 16x2 dengan Modul I2C:''' Media untuk menampilkan hasil output sensor.
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| * '''Box X4:''' Enclosure atau wadah pelindung fisik untuk mengintegrasikan seluruh komponen.
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| * '''Kabel Jumper:''' Penghubung antar komponen (tipe Female-to-Female).
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| * '''Kabel Micro USB:''' Power
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|
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| (Masing2 poin dikasih cuplikan gambar)
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|
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| == Skema Perakitan (Wiring) ==
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| Berikut adalah konfigurasi pinout untuk menghubungkan komponen ke ESP8266:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| !Komponen
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| !Pin Komponen
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| !Pin ESP8266
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| |-
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| |DHT22
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| |VCC / +
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| |3V
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| |-
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| |Data / out
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| |D4 (GPIO 2)
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| |-
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| |GND / -
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| |GND / G
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| |-
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| |LCD l2C
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| |VCC
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| |VIN (5V) / 3V3
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| |-
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| |GND / G
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| |GND / G
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| |-
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| |SDA
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| |D2 (GPIO 4)
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| |-
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| |SCL
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| |D1 (GPIO 5)
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| |}
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| Gambar skema perakitan (wiring) di tampilkan pada gambar berikut.
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| [[File:DIY_1.1.png|alt=Gambar skema perakitan (wiring)|none|thumb|500x500px]]
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|
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| == Instalasi Arduino IDE & Setup ESP8266 ==
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| Tahapan ini menjelaskan langkah instalasi Arduino IDE dan setup ESP8266.
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|
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| === Download dan Instalasi Software ===
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| # Buka situs resmi [http://arduino.cc arduino.cc].
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| # Pilih versi terbaru sesuai sistem operasi Anda (Windows, macOS, atau Linux)[[File:Gambar file installer arduino.png|none|thumb|Gambar file installer arduino]]
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| #Jalankan file installer yang telah diunduh.
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| #Pastikan semua opsi checklist terpilih (terutama Install USB Driver dan Associate .ino files).
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| #Klik Next dan Install hingga selesai.
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| (Masing2 poin dikasih cuplikan gambar)
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|
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| === Konfigurasi Board ESP8266 ===
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| Secara default, Arduino IDE hanya mendukung board Arduino. Agar bisa memprogram ESP8266, maka harus dilakukan konfigurasi dan instalasi secara manual, berikut langkah-langkahnya:
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| # Buka Arduino IDE, klik menu '''File > Preferences'''.[[File:Gambar menu preferences arduino.png|none|thumb|Gambar menu preferences arduino]]
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| # Pada kolom '''Additional Boards Manager URLs''', masukkan url berikut: http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json
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| # Klik '''OK'''.[[File:Gambar input additional boards manager URLs.png|none|thumb|Gambar input additional boards manager URLs]]
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| # Buka menu '''Tools > Board > Boards Manager…'''[[File:Gambar klik menu boards manager arduino.png|none|thumb|Gambar klik menu boards manager arduino]]
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| # Ketik "esp8266" di kolom pencarian, lalu klik '''Install''' pada paket dari '''ESP8266 Community'''.[[File:Gambar install paket dari ESP8266 Community.png|none|thumb|Gambar install paket dari ESP8266 Community]]
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|
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| === Install Driver CH340 dan CP2102 ===
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|
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| # Install driver CH340 untuk Windows pada link : https://sparks.gogo.co.nz/assets/_site_/downloads/CH34x_Install_Windows_v3_4.zip
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| # Install driver CP2102 untuk Windows pada link: https://www.pololu.com/file/0J14/pololu-cp2102-windows-220616.zip
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|
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| === Instalasi Library (DHT & LCD) ===
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|
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| # Pilih '''Sketch > Include Library > Manage Libraries...'''
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| # Cari '''"DHT sensor library"''' (by Adafruit) dan klik '''Install'''. Jika muncul pop-up untuk menginstal dependensi (seperti ''Adafruit Unified Sensor''), pilih '''Install All'''.
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| # Cari '''"LiquidCrystal I2C"''' (by Frank de Brabander) dan klik '''Install'''.[[File:Gambar instalasi library DHT dan LCD.png|none|thumb|Gambar instalasi library DHT dan LCD]]
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|
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| === Koneksi ke Perangkat ===
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|
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| # Hubungkan ESP8266 ke laptop menggunakan kabel data Micro USB.
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| # Pilih board di '''Tools > Board > ESP8266 Boards >''' (Contoh: '''NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP-12E Module)''').[[File:Gambar pilih board NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP-12E Module).png|none|thumb|Gambar pilih board NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP-12E Module)]]
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| # Pilih Port yang sesuai di '''Tools > Port''' (Biasanya akan muncul COM3, COM4, dsb. di Windows).[[File:Gambar pilih port COM6.png|none|thumb|Gambar pilih port COM6]]
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|
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| ==== Tips Troubleshooting ====
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| * ''Driver USB: Jika Port tidak muncul, langkah yang perlu dilakukan adalah menginstal driver USB-to-Serial secara manual. Biasanya chip yang digunakan adalah CH340 atau CP2102 (tergantung varian NodeMCU yang digunakan).''
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| * ''Kecepatan Upload: Untuk ESP8266, gunakan Upload Speed 115200 agar proses pengiriman kode lebih stabil.''
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|
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| == Pemrograman (Source Code) ==
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| Gunakan kode berikut untuk membaca data sensor dan menampilkannya ke LCD.
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| <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp" style="max-height:300px; overflow:auto;">
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| #include <Wire.h>
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| #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
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| #include "DHT.h"
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| #include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
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| #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
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| #include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>
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|
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| #define DHTPIN D4 // Digital pin connected to the DHT sensor
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| #define DHTTYPE DHT22 // DHT 22 (AM2302), AM2321
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|
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| // Replace with network credentials
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| #define WIFISSID "Nama-Kelompok"
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| #define WIFIPASS "Pass-SSID"
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|
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| const char* deviceid = "ID=Nama_Kelompok";
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| const char* groupid = "GROUP=RURAL_SIK_LOMBA";
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| //server to receive the data
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| const char* host = "pond.weather.id";
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| const int port = 80;
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|
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| // do not touch below
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| unsigned long startTime = millis();
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|
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| const int watchdog = 10000; // delay before pushing data
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| unsigned long previousMillis = millis();
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|
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| void connectWifi() {
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| Serial.println("Connecting to access point");
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| WiFi.disconnect();
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| if (WiFi.getMode() != WIFI_STA) { //WIFI_STA= station mode (connect ke akses point)
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| WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
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| }
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| WiFi.begin(WIFISSID, WIFIPASS);
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| //...Give ESP 10 seconds to connect to station.
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| startTime = millis();
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| while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED && millis() - startTime < 10000) {
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| delay(1000);
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| Serial.print(".");
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| }
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| Serial.println("");
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| // Check Connection
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| if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
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| Serial.print("Wifi connected; IP address: ");
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| Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
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| } else {
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| Serial.print("WiFi connect failed to ssid: ");
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| Serial.println(WIFISSID);
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| }
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| }
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|
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| // Set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display
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| LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
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| DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
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|
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| void setup() {
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| Serial.begin(9600);
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| Serial.println(F("DHT22 test!"));
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| dht.begin();
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| lcd.init();
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| lcd.backlight();
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| connectWifi();
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|
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| //intro gak penting
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| lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
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| lcd.print(" Temperature");
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| lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
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| lcd.print(" Monitor");
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| delay(2000);
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| lcd.clear();
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| }
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|
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| void loop() {
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| unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
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| if (currentMillis - previousMillis > watchdog) {
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| previousMillis = currentMillis;
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|
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| // Wait a few seconds between measurements.
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| delay(1000);
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| // Reading temperature or humidity takes about 250 milliseconds!
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| // Sensor readings may also be up to 2 seconds 'old' (its a very slow sensor)
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| float h = dht.readHumidity();
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| // Read temperature as Celsius (the default)
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| float t = dht.readTemperature();
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|
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| // Check if any reads failed and exit early (to try again).
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| if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
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| Serial.println(F("Failed to read from DHT sensor!"));
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| lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
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| lcd.print("No Sensor!");
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| return;
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| }
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|
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| Serial.print(F("Humidity: "));
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| Serial.print(h);
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| Serial.print(F("% Temperature: "));
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| Serial.print(t);
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| Serial.print(F("°C "));
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|
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| //Display data ke LCD =>tampung di data string
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| String print_temp = "Temp: ";
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| print_temp += String(t);
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| print_temp += " C";
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| String print_humd = "Humd: ";
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| print_humd += String(h);
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| print_humd += " %";
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| lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
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| lcd.print(print_temp);
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| lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
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| lcd.print(print_humd);
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|
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| WiFiClient client; //deklarasi method client
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| HTTPClient http; //deklarasi method http
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|
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| if (!client.connect(host, port)) {
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| Serial.print("cannot connect to web server ");
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| Serial.println(host);
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| return;
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| }
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|
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| //String url="/weather/poller.php?";
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| String url = "http://";
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| url += host;
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| url += ":";
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| url += port;
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| url += "/?";
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| //url += "ID=YOURID";
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| url += deviceid;
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| url += "&";
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| url += groupid;
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| url += "&temperature=";
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| url += String(t);
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| url += "&humidity=";
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| url += String(h);
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| url += "&softwaretype=RuralICT2024";
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|
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| // send it
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|
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| client.print(String("GET ") + url + " HTTP/1.1\r\n" + "Host: " + host + "\r\n" + "Connection: close\r\n\r\n");
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|
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| // wait for respond
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| unsigned long timeout = millis();
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| while (client.available() == 0) {
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| if (millis() - timeout > 5000) {
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| Serial.print("timeout");
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| client.stop();
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| return;
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| }
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| }
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|
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| // ok, we got the reply
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| while (client.available()) {
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| String line = client.readStringUntil('\r');
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| Serial.print(line);
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| }
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| }
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| }
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|
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| </syntaxhighlight>
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|
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| == Langkah Implementasi ==
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|
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| # '''Persiapan Box:''' Lubangi Box X4 di sisi depan untuk layar LCD dan lubang kecil di sisi samping untuk ventilasi sensor DHT22 serta kabel power.
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| # '''Wiring:''' Hubungkan semua komponen sesuai tabel di atas menggunakan kabel jumper.
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| # '''Upload:''' Hubungkan ESP8266 ke komputer dan upload kode melalui Arduino IDE.
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| # '''Testing:''' Pastikan LCD menyala dan menampilkan angka. Jika layar kosong, putar potensiometer (trimpot) di belakang modul I2C untuk mengatur kontras.
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| (Setiap poin dikasih gambar)
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| [[Table of Contents|< Kembali ke halaman awal]] | [[Sensor Laut|Ke halaman berikutnya >]]
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